In short
- The source is the ILO's 2025 index of exposure to generative AI. It covers 427 international job groups and scores each one's core tasks from 0 to 1.
- A score says how much of a task generative AI could do or speed up, judged by surveys, experts and an AI model trained on their ratings.
- Singapore jobs are matched to ILO groups with SingStat's official table linking SSOC 2024 to ISCO-08.
- What exposure measures: how much of a job AI could do or speed up. The ILO finds most exposed jobs are more likely to change than to disappear.
The six exposure levels
The ILO puts each job into one of six levels using its average task score and how much scores vary across tasks. We use plain words for the four exposed levels.
| Our label | ILO name | Jobs |
|---|---|---|
| Not exposed | Not exposed | 231 |
| Minimal | Minimal exposure | 84 |
| Some | Exposed, gradient 1 | 17 |
| Moderate | Exposed, gradient 2 | 44 |
| High | Exposed, gradient 3 | 38 |
| Very high | Exposed, gradient 4 | 13 |
The eight factors
| Factor | How we get it |
|---|---|
| Exposure level | ILO level for the matched job group |
| Average task score | Mean of the group's task scores, ranked against all 427 groups |
| Tasks AI could do much of | Tasks scoring 0.5 or more |
| Hands-on or people tasks | Tasks scoring under 0.25 |
| How even the exposure is | Spread of task scores: even under 0.10, mixed 0.10 to 0.15, uneven above 0.15 |
| Most exposed task | Highest-scoring task |
| Least exposed task | Lowest-scoring task |
| Pay trend so far | Change in MOM median gross pay from the first year on record to 2025 |
Limits
- International groups, not Singapore titles. A Singapore job can sit in a broad group whose task list fits it only partly. We flag these on the guide.
- Some Singapore codes match several groups. We show the closest one and record the choice in our data notes.
- Date of the scores: Scores reflect what generative AI could do when the ILO built the index. We will update when the ILO does.
Sources
- Gmyrek, P., Berg, J., and others, Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure, ILO Working Paper 140, 2025. CC BY 4.0. Scores from the authors' published data.
- SingStat, Correspondence Tables between SSOC 2024 and ISCO-08, last updated 21 March 2024.
- MOM, Occupational Wages 2020 to 2025.